{"id":1433,"date":"2024-01-17T14:58:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T13:58:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scruton.hu\/2024\/01\/17\/globalizacio-beszelgetes-scruton\/"},"modified":"2024-01-17T14:58:41","modified_gmt":"2024-01-17T13:58:41","slug":"globalizacio-beszelgetes-scruton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scruton.hu\/en\/2024\/01\/17\/globalizacio-beszelgetes-scruton\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eNem a t\u00e1vols\u00e1g cs\u00f6kken\u00e9se a baj, hanem a sz\u00ednek sz\u00fcrk\u00fcl\u00e9se\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 ma az egyik leggyakrabban haszn\u00e1lt kifejez\u00e9s, mondhatni szuperfogalom. De mi is az a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3? Honnan ered? Volt-e el\u0151zm\u00e9nye a vil\u00e1gt\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemben \u00e9s van-e szerepe a j\u00f6v\u0151ben?<br>Pogr\u00e1nyi Lovas Mikl\u00f3s, az Alapjogok\u00e9rt K\u00f6zpont vezet\u0151 kutat\u00f3ja Dr. Baranyi Tam\u00e1s P\u00e9terrel, a Magyar K\u00fcl\u00fcgyi Int\u00e9zet strat\u00e9giai igazgat\u00f3j\u00e1val \u00e9s Dr. Filemon Norberttel, az Axi\u00f3ma K\u00f6zpont kutat\u00f3j\u00e1val besz\u00e9lgetett <a href=\"https:\/\/scruton.hu\/en\/2024\/01\/09\/carl-schmitt-katolicizmus-es-politika\/\">a Scrutonban<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0<em>\u201eVan benne j\u00f3 is, rossz is\u201d<\/em> \u2013 fogalmazott Dr. Filemon Norbert. Ez volt az els\u0151 kiindul\u00f3pont, amiben egyet\u00e9rtettek a besz\u00e9lget\u0151partnerek, illetve abban is, hogy van egy domin\u00e1ns negat\u00edv felhangja a fogalomnak. Annak ellen\u00e9re \u2013 \u00e9s erre Dr. Baranyi Tam\u00e1s vil\u00e1g\u00edtott r\u00e1 \u2013, hogy <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2020 k\u00f6r\u00fcl m\u00e1r hallatsz\u00f3dtak az els\u0151 olyan hangok, melyek sz\u00e9tfesz\u00edtett\u00e9k volna a jelens\u00e9get, kiv\u00e1logatva, hogy mi a j\u00f3 \u00e9s mi a rossz. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e9lem\u00e9nye szerint ezek a hangok val\u00f3j\u00e1ban olyan kapitalizmus kritik\u00e1t megfogalmaz\u00f3 baloldali n\u00e9zetek, amelyek nem adnak j\u00f6v\u0151be mutat\u00f3 v\u00e1laszt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Filemon Norbert adta meg a v\u00e1laszt a besz\u00e9lget\u00e9s egyik legizgalmasabb k\u00e9rd\u00e9s\u00e9re. Arra, hogy volt-e t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi el\u0151zm\u00e9nye a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3nak? \u201e<em>Gazdas\u00e1gi, politikai, t\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis rendszerek, adott esetben vall\u00e1si rendszerek vil\u00e1gm\u00e9ret\u0171 egys\u00e9ges\u00edt\u00e9se, vagy h\u00e1l\u00f3zatosod\u00e1sa zajlik<\/em>.\u201d T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi p\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt az \u00f3kori R\u00f3mai birodalmat illetve a 16-i sz\u00e1zadi spanyol birodalom \u00e9s a k\u00ednai Ming dinasztia F\u00fcl\u00f6p szigeteki tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1s\u00e1t hozta fel. II. F\u00fcl\u00f6p spanyol cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r territori\u00e1lis hatalma beh\u00e1l\u00f3zta Eur\u00f3p\u00e1t, az Atlanti-\u00f3ce\u00e1non kereszt\u00fcl Mexik\u00f3n, azaz \u00daj-Spanyolorsz\u00e1gon \u00e1t a Csendes \u00d3ce\u00e1n nyugati r\u00e9sz\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 F\u00fcl\u00f6p-szigeteket is mag\u00e1ban foglalta, \u00e9s itt tal\u00e1lkozott a hatalma telj\u00e9ben l\u00e9v\u0151 K\u00ednai Birodalommal. \u201eGl\u00f3buszon\u201d, a F\u00f6ld\u00f6n \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151, azt \u00e1tfog\u00f3 f\u00f6ldrajzi alap\u00fa, kereskedelmi (ez\u00fcst) c\u00e9l\u00fa egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s volt a k\u00e9t eml\u00edtett hatalom k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Viszont az ez\u00fcsttel az akkori szuperhatalmak, vagyis az angolok, a franci\u00e1k \u00e9s a portug\u00e1lok is bekapcsol\u00f3dtak a k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1g v\u00e9rkering\u00e9s\u00e9be. Ez a fajta, nem minden s\u00edkon \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00fcl\u0151 globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 teljesen elt\u00e9r a liber\u00e1lis USA \u00e9rdekeinek \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Az elm\u00falt sz\u00e1z \u00e9v tapasztalata, hogy a ma m\u00e9g nagyhatalom USA el\u00e9g agressz\u00edvan beavatkozik m\u00e1s kontinensek \u00e9s orsz\u00e1gok \u00e9let\u00e9be, ha \u00e9rdekei \u00fagy k\u00edv\u00e1nj\u00e1k.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pogr\u00e1nyi Lovas Mikl\u00f3s kiemelte, hogy a f\u00f6ldrajzi alap\u00fa globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u2013 minden t\u00e1rgy, eszme el\u00e9rhet\u0151 a F\u00f6ld b\u00e1rmely pontj\u00e1n \u2013 egy\u00fctt j\u00e1r a jelens\u00e9gek univerzaliz\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1val. M\u00e1rpedig a k\u00e9t jelens\u00e9g nem ugyanaz. <em>\u201eNivell\u00e1lnak a kontinensek\u201d<\/em> \u2013 id\u00e9zte Pogr\u00e1nyi <em>Jos\u00e9 Ortega y Gassetet<\/em>, a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 egyik els\u0151, sz\u00e1z \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151tti teoretikus\u00e1t. <em>\u201eNivell\u00e1lnak, illetve egyre jobban hasonl\u00edtanak egym\u00e1sra \u00e9s mindegyik amerikaniz\u00e1l\u00f3dik.\u201d<\/em>  Nem a t\u00e1vols\u00e1g cs\u00f6kken\u00e9se a baj, nem a javak minden\u00fctt el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9ge, hanem a sz\u00ednek sz\u00fcrk\u00fcl\u00e9se, ez a fajta univerz\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Baranyi Tam\u00e1s globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 fogalma megegyezett Filemon Norbert \u201emunkafogalm\u00e1val\u201d de a hangs\u00falyt m\u00e1shov\u00e1 tette. <em>\u201eAnnyira megszaporodnak az emberek, a politikai \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti, ak\u00e1r f\u00f6ldrajzilag hossz\u00fat\u00e1v\u00fa kapcsolatok, hogy az ezeknek a h\u00e1l\u00f3zatait hozza l\u00e9tre. A h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok jelenl\u00e9te \u00e9s rendes kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1suk alapvet\u0151en \u00e9s term\u00e9szetese hajlik a legkisebb k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00f6bsz\u00f6r\u00f6s fel\u00e9.\u201d<\/em> Ez elker\u00fclhetetlen, eszmei \u00e9s gyakorlati s\u00edkon is, \u00e9s itt vesznek el a sz\u00ednek, amikor valamit el kell engedni, kompromisszumot kell k\u00f6tni. Ez pedig egy amerikai specifikum. Baranyi \u00e9rdekess\u00e9gk\u00e9nt megjegyzi, hogy a nagyon \u201ebigott\u201d, \u201eelnyom\u00f3\u201d monarchi\u00e1k, mint a spanyol, milyen diverzifik\u00e1lt birodalmakat tartottak fenn. Ellenben a vall\u00e1s-, \u00e9s v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1s szabads\u00e1g\u00e1t hirdet\u0151 angolsz\u00e1szokkal, akik egyent\u00e1rsadalmakat hoztak l\u00e9tre a demokr\u00e1cia ethosz\u00e1ra \u00e9p\u00edtve (18-19. sz\u00e1zad). <em>\u201eA demokr\u00e1cia, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen ebben a korai form\u00e1j\u00e1ban kik\u00e9nyszer\u00edti, hogy az emberek A4-es form\u00e1tum\u00faak legyenek.\u201d<\/em> \u00c9rtette ezt \u00fagy, hogy abban az id\u0151ben p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul csak eur\u00f3pai sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s\u00faak kaphattak szavazati jogot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eGlobaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 az internet el\u0151tt is l\u00e9tezett\u201d \u2013 h\u00edvta fel a figyelmet Pogr\u00e1nyi a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 egy \u00fajabb arc\u00e1ra, a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ra. Amire ism\u00e9t Baranyi er\u0151s\u00edt r\u00e1, \u00e9s adja meg fogalom m\u00e1ig ellen\u00e9rz\u00e9seket kiv\u00e1lt\u00f3 okainak gy\u00f6ker\u00e9t. Nevezetesen, az 1880-1914 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti id\u0151szak hasonl\u00edthat\u00f3 az internet ut\u00e1ni sebess\u00e9g-fokozat v\u00e1lt\u00e1shoz. A nevezett b\u0151 harminc \u00e9v, amikor (jusson esz\u00fcnkbe, hogy a vas\u00fat \u00e9s a g\u0151zhaj\u00f3 \u00f6szek\u00f6ti a kontinenseket, a telefon, h\u00edrlapok, turizmus az embereket) hihetetlen sebess\u00e9ggel terjednek az \u00faj technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k, hihetetlen sebess\u00e9ggel t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik az \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s, \u00e9s K\u00edn\u00e1t\u00f3l Oroszorsz\u00e1g hat\u00e1r\u00e1ig ugyanazok a sztenderdek kezdenek el m\u0171k\u00f6dni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hogy a nyelv mennyire tud a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3nak pozit\u00edv \u2013 negat\u00edv \u00e9rtelemben hordoz\u00f3ja lenni, arra a cirill bet\u0171s orosz nyelv is r\u00e1vil\u00e1g\u00edt. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Am\u00edg az USA a popul\u00e1ris kult\u00far\u00e1ban m\u00e1r nem tud \u00fajat adni, \u00e9s nem fektettek hangs\u00falyt a magas kult\u00fara megismertet\u00e9s\u00e9re, addig az orosz irodalom \u00e9s komolyzene mindig is megk\u00e9rd\u0151jelezhetetlen volt. Popkult\u00far\u00e1ban az orosz k\u00e9preg\u00e9nyek \u00e9s zene tarol a \u201ecirill bet\u0171s\u201d nemzetekn\u00e9l (K\u00f6z\u00e9p-\u00c1zsia nagy r\u00e9sze).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mi lesz veled globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3? Az eredet k\u00e9rd\u00e9s\u00e9t tekintve a f\u00f6ldrajzi, gazdas\u00e1gi dinamizmus domin\u00e1l, ugyanakkor a kiteljesed\u00e9s\u00e9be mind Eur\u00f3pa, mind az Amerikai Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok&nbsp;beletette a mag\u00e1\u00e9t. A j\u00f6v\u0151be nem l\u00e1tunk, azt azonban tudjuk, hogy <em>e<\/em>gyszer minden h\u00e1l\u00f3zat fragment\u00e1l\u00f3dni kezd, ez pedig okozhat meglepet\u00e9seket. Egy biztos, a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3nak a kult\u00fara \u00e9s a nyelv er\u0151sen hat\u00e1rt szab.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 ma az egyik leggyakrabban haszn\u00e1lt kifejez\u00e9s, mondhatni szuperfogalom. De mi is az a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3? Honnan ered? Volt-e el\u0151zm\u00e9nye a vil\u00e1gt\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemben \u00e9s van-e szerepe a j\u00f6v\u0151ben?Pogr\u00e1nyi Lovas Mikl\u00f3s, az Alapjogok\u00e9rt K\u00f6zpont vezet\u0151 kutat\u00f3ja Dr. Baranyi Tam\u00e1s P\u00e9terrel, a Magyar K\u00fcl\u00fcgyi Int\u00e9zet strat\u00e9giai igazgat\u00f3j\u00e1val \u00e9s Dr. Filemon Norberttel, az Axi\u00f3ma K\u00f6zpont kutat\u00f3j\u00e1val besz\u00e9lgetett a Scrutonban. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[45,46,47,40],"class_list":["post-1433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dialog","tag-beszelgetes","tag-fogalom","tag-globalizacio","tag-scruton"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u2013 nem a t\u00e1vols\u00e1g cs\u00f6kken\u00e9se a baj<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 ma az egyik leggyakrabban haszn\u00e1lt kifejez\u00e9s, mondhatni szuperfogalom. 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